The Gazette 1955-58

that they would have

ill-health; but for

and

imprisonment or

long-term

execution and

or

ordered his name to be struck off the roll. (In the matter of W. P. H., a Solicitor: British Journal of Administrative Law, March. 1955). LEGAL APPOINTMENTS. The following appointments have recently been announced : Mr. Patrick Joseph Flynn, Solicitor, Strokestown, Co. Roscommon, to be County Registrar for County Roscommon. Mr. Patrick Joseph O'Neill, Solicitor, Athy, Co. Kildare, to be County Registrar for County Kildare. Mr. Edward W. Hughes, Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny, to be State Solicitor for County Kilkenny. Mr. Martin A. Salmon, Solicitor, Naas, Co. Kildare, to be State Solicitor tor County Kildare. Mr. Patrick McDowell, Solicitor, Arklow, Co. Wicklow, to be County Registrar for County Wicklow. Mr. Michael Hayes, Solicitor, 97 Middle Abbey Street, Dublin, to be Sheriff for the City of Dublin. Mr. Thomas G. Grotty, Solicitor, 45 Parliament Street, Kilkenny, to be County Registrar for County Kilkenny. CRIMINOLOGY CONGRESS. Four hundred Criminologists from 42 countries attended the third International Congress which was held in London in September. The theme of the Congress of this year was recidivism in its various aspects—its causes, prognosis and treatment. The President, Mr. Carroll, said that today's tendency in penology was liberty, leniency and prolonged after-care. They must always keep in mind the need for social security and the need to respect human rights. Dr. Hobson contributed a paper to a symposium on homicide; he said that murderers on trial for' their lives do not worry ; they sleep well in prison, and are more likely to gain weight than lose it. Some of the causes for this state of affairs were the feeling in some cases that the act of killing might be therapeutic in so far as it might relieve anxieties and remove tension resulting from unconscious conflict. In other cases the murderer might in some degree identify himself with his victim. Another group of murderers seemed to assess their situation realistically and yet showed little anxiety and concern about the importance of the trial; knowing that they have committed a crime they know it is impossible for them to be acquitted and they feel there is little to. choose between the two evils

detention in an asylum. In the case of some psychopaths, the notoriety and greater publicly attending upon them, had some glamour. Mr. Glueck, Professor of Criminology at Harvard, gave a preview of the findings of three years' research in the United States into connexion between physique and delinquency. Taking 500 persistent delinquents and 500 non-delinquents in the poor- areas of Boston, as the raw material of his research he discovered that there were twice as many of the mesomorphic type among the delinquents as among non-delinquents. The mesomorphic type was described as thick skinned, energetic, impulsive, aggressive, resentful, suspicious, un conventional and honsubmissive to authority. He concluded that physical type must unquestionably be taken into account in the study of recidivism and prevention. Professor Clinard said there was need for future study of the connexion between urbanization and crime because almost everywhere in the world the • rate of crime was greater in cities than in rural areas. The relationship between crime and the ' social class should also be emphasized for not only does white-collar crime differ from ordinary crime in method, but also in the status of the offender, the toleration of the public, and the social support of the offender himself.. It will be evident that the papers read at the Congress were controversial enough to provide interesting discussions. PROCEEDINGS AGAINST SOLICITORS. THE Disciplinary Committee made orders on yth September, 1955, directing that the names of Clifford D. O'Farrell and James H. Gorman, Solicitors, who formerly were in partnership as O'Farrell and Gorman at Kildare Street, Dublin, be struck off the roll. Notice of appeal to the Chief Justice has been given in each case. The Disciplinary Committee made an order on 4th November, 1955, directing that the name of Timothy Linehan who formerly practised at Millstreet, Co. Cork, shall be struck off the roll. EXAMINATION RESULTS. The following are the results of the Society's Autumn Examination:

At the Preliminary Examination for intending apprentices to solicitors held on the 6th and yth day of September two candidates attended the examination and were postponed. .. •45